Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of the range of 40 – 300 nm which are exerted from different cell types for means of communication between the cell within specific tissues. The bilayer structure of these vesicles enables encapsulation of various macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids [1]. Figure 1, adapted from [2] represents the schematic structure of exosomes.
Figure 1 – Schematic representation of exosomes [2]
The specific pattern of distribution of these molecules depends on biological properties of their parent cells. Generally, it has been found that exosomes of specific skin tissue cells or stem cells could be beneficial in both treatment of skin abnormalities and regulation of skin homeostasis. The applicability of exosomes in cosmetics have been proven through a variety of clinical and experimental investigations which leads to development of specific products targeting scars prevention and reduction, pigmentation regulation, and hair growth. There are plenty of review articles which addressed different issues of exosomes in alleviating different skin disorders, namely [2].
Commercial development of exosome-based products in dermatology is still at the early stages. There are specific challenges in this field which some of them are presented within table 1 which adapted from [2]. Besides the last of our information, there is no specific regulatory guideline in development of these products. Therefore, large-scale development of such products requires the rational addressing and tackling the challenges towards the development of safe and effective products.
Table 1 – The current limitation of exosomes in clinical skin application [2]
According to literature and industrial experiences, several enhancements have been made to address the highlighted challenges of exosome-based products development and manufacturing. These issues can be summarized as follows which some of them adapted from [3]:
On the other hand, one of the potential development perspectives of exosome-based products could be through personalized skin treatment products. The idea stems from the fact that the healthy skin cells or stem cells of a patient could be used to generate exosomes for regulation and treatment of damaged cells. The procedure would be even more challenging due to addition of specific considerations for selection and isolation of donor’s cells, preservation of exosomes, and the intrinsic logistic issues related to personalized therapies in general. Hopefully, CAR-T cell therapy paved the way for personalized medicine and several issues were recognized and made out for such products. Coupling the platform knowledge of personalized medicine products and setting up a standard exosome manufacturing platform could be recommended as the primary steps in development of personalized skin treatment products.
Our future directions in the R&D sector of Sushiyant Derma Biotech, evaluating the challenges of personalized exosome-based skin products which besides the partnership with leading companies in this field, brings back the beauty to your skin and completes our task as the savior of your beauty…
References:
[1] Kalluri, R. and LeBleu, V.S. (2020). The biology, function, and Biomedical Applications of Exosomes. Science, [online] 367(6478). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau6977.
[2] Xiong, M., Zhang, Q., Hu, W., Zhao, C., Lv, W., Yi, Y., Wang, Y., Tang, H., Wu, M. and Wu, Y. (2021). The Novel Mechanisms and Applications of Exosomes in Dermatology and Cutaneous Medical Aesthetics. Pharmacological Research, [online] 166, p.105490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105490.
[3] Yang, G.H., Lee, Y.B., Kang, D., Choi, E., Nam, Y., Lee, K.H., You, H.-J., Kang, H.J., An, S.H. and Jeon, H. (2021). Overcome the Barriers of the skin: Exosome Therapy. Biomaterials Research, 25(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-021-00224-8.
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